Human Helminthiases in the Philippines

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The Climatic Regions of the Philippines.- 1.2 The Administrative Units, Regions and Provinces of the Philippines.- 2 Insect-Borne Helminthiases: Filariases.- 2.1 Short Historical Review.- 2.2 Wuchereriasis.- 2.3 Brugiasis.- 2.4 Control of Filariases.- 3 Water-Borne Helminthiases: Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis).- 3.1 Historical Survey.- 3.2 Schistosoma japonicum and Its Biology.- 3.3 The Intermediate Host and Its Bionomics.- 3.4 Frequency of Schistosoma japonicum Infections.- 3.5 The Endemic Areas.- 3.6 Synopsis: Geofactors as Preconditions for Schistosomiasis Distribution in the Philippines.- 3.7 The Control of Schistosomiasis.- 4 Food-Borne Helminthiases.- 4.1 Intestinal Capillariasis.- 4.2 Angiostrongyliasis.- 4.3 Gnathostomiasis.- 4.4 Diphyllobothriiasis and Sparganosis.- 4.5 Taeniases and Cysticercosis.- 4.6 Echinostomiasis.- 4.7 Paragonimiasis.- 4.8 Other Food-Borne Helminthiases.- 4.9 Short Synopsis: The Distribution of Food-Borne Helminthiases.- 5 Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases.- 5.1 Short Historical Survey.- 5.2 Ascariasis.- 5.3 Trichuriasis.- 5.4 Ancylostomiasis.- 5.5 Strongyloidiasis.- 5.6 Enterobiasis.- 5.7 Other Rare Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases.- 5.8 Short Synopsis: Distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases.- 6 Conclusions -- a Geomedical View.- Acknowledgements.- Appendices A-F.- Tables 1-40.- References.